Calculating P values and 95% confidence intervals from data presented

Fuzzy Confidence Intervals and P -values

The optimal hypothesis tests for the binomial distribution and some other discrete distributions are uniformly most powerful (UMP) one-tailed and UMP unbiased (UMPU) two-tailed randomized tests. Conventional confidence intervals are not dual to randomized tests and perform badly on discrete data at small and moderate sample sizes. We introduce a new confidence interval notion, called fuzzy conf...

What are confidence intervals and p - values ?

Calculating unreported confidence intervals for paired data

BACKGROUND Confidence intervals (or associated standard errors) facilitate assessment of the practical importance of the findings of a health study, and their incorporation into a meta-analysis. For paired design studies, these items are often not reported. Since the descriptive statistics for such studies are usually presented in the same way as for unpaired designs, direct computation of the ...

Comment: Fuzzy and Randomized Confidence Intervals and P -Values

Professor Geyer and Professor Meeden have given us an intriguing article with much material for thought and exploration, and they deserve our congratulations. Although the idea of randomized procedures has long existed, this paper has revitalized the discussion on randomized confidence intervals and randomized P -values. Interval estimation of a binomial proportion is a very basic but very impo...

Comment: Fuzzy and Randomized Confidence Intervals and P -Values

We thank Professor Geyer and Professor Meeden for their thought-provoking article. We hope to also be thought-provoking in response, for we pretty much disagree with their position. The fuzzy procedures proposed by the authors result from examining the test function, φ(x,α, θ) in three different ways, as a function of each of the three variables. This is an interesting exercise, which has not b...